Incidence and risk factors for rash in Thai patients randomized to regimens with nevirapine, efavirenz or both drugs
Jintanat Ananworanich*, Zewlan Moor, Umaporn Siangphoe, Jason Chan, Peter Cardiello, Chris Duncombe, Praphan Phanuphak, Kiat Ruxrungtham, Joep Lange, David A. Cooper
The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, 104 Rajdumri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand 10330; E-mail: jintanat.a@chula.ac.th
บทคัดย่อ
Objective: To determine the incidence and risk factors for rash in Thai patients takingour different non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens.
Methods: HIV-positive, antiretroviral-naive patients enrolled in the 2NN study in Thailand and followed for at least 1 week were included. Patients were randomized o efavirenz (EFV) 600 mg once daily (OD) versus nevirapine (NVP) 200 mg twice daily BD) versus NVP 400 mg OD versus NVP 400 mg OD + EFV 800 mg OD with tavudine/lamivudine.
Results: Of 202 patients, 95 (47%) and 69 (34.2%) developed a rash from all reasons and from NNRTI, respectively. For NNRTI-related rash the incidences were EFV (20%), NVP BD (21%), NVPOD (38%) and NVP + EFV (67%). The proportions of patients with grade, II and III within the four treatment arms are as follows: EFV, 4.3, 13 and 2.9%; NVP BD, 2.3, 15.9 and 2.3%; NVP OD, 12.8, 19.1 and 6.4%; and NVP + EFV, 11.9, 47.6 and 7.1%. Multivariate analyses showed females with CD4 cell count ≥250 × 106 cells/l, high body mass index (>21.3 kg/m2 ), and a rise in CD4 (≥53× 106 cells/l) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (≥ 34 U/l) at week 4 to be risk factors for rash.
Conclusions: Thai patients had a high incidence of NNRTI-related rash when treated with NVP + EFV or NVP OD. NVP if used BD had the same rash incidence as EFV for ash of all grades.  Females, and persons with earlier HIV disease or with a large rise in CD4+ cell count after starting therapy are at greater risk for NNRTI-related rash
ที่มา
AIDS Care ปี 2548, January ปีที่: 19 ฉบับที่ 2 หน้า 185-192
คำสำคัญ
Incidence, Efavirenz, Nevirapine, Risk factors, rash, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, antiretrovirals